The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) is a nationwide program using software developed and maintained by the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation). Every state maintains its own database within the CODIS software according to the laws for that state as well as rules established federally. DNA profiles can be added to the software in various categories such as forensic (crime scene) samples, convicted offender samples, unidentified human remains, and relatives of missing persons.
In Vermont, DNA samples are collected from individuals who have been convicted of a qualifying crime – all felony convictions and certain misdemeanors, as determined by the legislature. Additionally, if DNA is found at a crime scene and meets certain eligibility requirements, that forensic profile can be uploaded to CODIS. Regular searches are performed to determine if there are DNA profile matches between forensic samples, offender profiles, or other profile categories. If there is a match then the information provides a possible investigative lead in a crime that might otherwise have none.
Extreme care is taken to ensure that appropriate DNA profiles are uploaded to CODIS. Vermont’s DNA laws are often more restrictive than those of other states due to our increased expectations of privacy. If an investigator has a question regarding CODIS use in Vermont it is best to contact the lab directly. When a match is confirmed as a hit, the report directs investigators to provide a reference sample (a non-testimonial order) for direct comparison in the case. If an investigator has a suspect then submitting a reference sample to the lab will provide the fastest results.
CODIS FAQs
What qualifies a profile for upload into CODIS?
Evidence must be connected to a crime scene and sufficient information provided by the investigating agency to substantiate the connection. The evidence cannot be collected directly from the suspect(s) possession. Data obtained must be of sufficient quantity for upload to the State or National level.
Can suspect standards be uploaded into CODIS?
No. Refer to 20 V.S.A. § 1938 (g) (https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/20/113/01938)
If I’m sure my suspect is in CODIS, can the laboratory look up their profile and use that information for comparison?
No. Convicted offender DNA is non-evidentiary and cannot be used for direct comparisons.
Can the laboratory utilize CODIS for familial searching?
No.
Can DNA profiles from unidentified remains and/or missing persons be uploaded to CODIS?
No. The laboratory is unable to upload DNA profiles developed from unidentified remains and/or missing persons at this time. Please contact the laboratory for more information.
CODIS Links
General DNA Information Sites
